Historical Method Essay Example

Historical Method Essay History is the study of the past.For historians the past dates back to 4,000 B.C., when events werefirst marked by writing, until present day.In its content history is everything.Historians spend their whole lives figuring out which events are more substancial than others.In order to achieve this, the historical method is put into practice.A problem solving technique using the gatheration of data, classification, interpretation and the most essential step, writing and teaching.Thefirst step to studying the past events is gathering data.There are two types known as primary and secondary resources.Although both play an important role in gathering information, primary is the one you can not omit.In order to decipher which is primary and which is secondary there is a criteria that must be met.Person and time are the two categories under criteria.An example of primary resources would be a journal entry written by a person during that specific event.A historian could use a victim of the Ho locausts diary as a primary source.Being that the victim experienced those actual events.Secondary resources would be a text book or magazine article written about a past event.The writer however, was not present at that point in time.Secondary resources eventually evolve into primary.The second step deals with classification.Every historians way of classifying is different.Their frame of reference is based on genetics and their environment.The way a person is raised to believe in certain aspects or taught by the people around them determines their point of view.Thefirst way to classify events is chronologically.A historian might take World War II for example, and list all the events from when the war began to the final battle that ended the war.Another approach is concepts and ideas.A historian might group events according to religious aspects, social, economical, environmental, etc.

Protecting the rights of immigrant workers

Protecting the rights of immigrant workers Introduction Immigrant workers refer to those who move from their home countries to other countries in search of labor. It is evident that many countries have continued violating the rights of these immigrants. The following is a report on possible ways of protecting the rights of these workers. It is also a recommendation of policies that the government can use to protect the rights of immigrant workers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Protecting the rights of immigrant workers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Recommendations The origin government should establish a link with the host country, which monitors how the host government treats its citizens. Another feasible way of protecting the rights of these workers is through the provision of accurate and reliable information. Many immigrant workers make their decision based on false decisions about opportunities outside their countries. They end up in the hands of smugglers and other crude agencies that mistreat them. Therefore, the government has the responsibility of providing relevant information to ensure that they make informed decisions before moving. Immigration and citizenship policies Immigration policies are plans that regulate the movement of people across geographical borders. In most cases, the policies deal with those who move in search of employment. One of the best policies is the introduction of global/transnational citizenship. This citizenship comes with rights that help in protecting the rights of immigrants. This is possible because national citizenship does not mandate law enforcement agencies to take action on violators of the rights of immigrants. For instance, the United Nations Conventions on human rights have no meaning if the local government does not recognize them. Transnational citizenship develops a uniform approach to rights of immigrants. However, national citizenship is important because it creates a sense of belonging among the holders. Another feasible immigration policy is the bilateral agreements signed between the origin and destination countries. These agreements come along with the rights of immigrants as well as procedures and remedies for violation of these rights. The origin government can use this panel to negotiate for improved rights of the workers. The two governments can also appoint a monitoring committee that evaluates the performance of the agreement. Immigration comes with different cultures and beliefs. Some of these beliefs cannot be applied outside the origin country. The government must come up with different regulation on how to monitor the immigrants. It should be able to identify the countries that are capable of producing skilled workers. The compatibility of cultures between different countries helps in protecting the rights of citizens and noncitizens.Advertising Looking for essay on administrative law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The government should also establish a taskforce that regulates the employment of immigrant workers. This taskforce should have the mandate of taking legal action against the violators of immigrant workers’ rights. Employers exploit the rights of immigrants because there are no policies that regulate their behavior. This policy will ensure that employers do not take advantage of desperate immigrants looking for job opportunities. Conclusion From the above discussion, it is clear that protecting the rights of immigrants begins at the national level. It is difficult for countries to incorporate international laws in their national laws. For example, the United Nations has different regulations regarding citizenship and rights of immigrants. However, different countries use their own regulation and disregard the United Nations laws. Non-member countries will ignore the United Nations regulation and laws. Therefore, action on protect ion of the rights of immigrant workers should begin at the national level. So much can be done to improve protection of rights of immigrants by applying the ways that the report has discussed.

Plan of Action Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Plan of Action - Term Paper Example Maria has misunderstood things here. She has put the blame upon the company on a totally different tangent altogether. There is no reason why she should be blaming the company for her poor communication skills and traits that she has been displaying over a period of time. She believes that she is being maltreated as there is a bias within the company but this is not something that has been pondered upon deeply by the people who are sitting within the helm of affairs in the company. Maria must know that any company within the business world exists to satisfy not only the customers but its internal publics as well, which comprise of its own employees who are the most prized possessions that these companies can ever have. When Maria says that the company is treating her in a shabby way, it is the bias which is reflected in her understanding and not the way in which work gets done within the domains of the organization in the long run (Kim 2002). What the company has to do in such a sett ing is to make Maria realize that she is in the wrong, and that she shall have to be treated fairly no matter what happens. However at the present, Maria has become disgruntled because she believes that she is being hard done by due to her color and Latin ancestry. The scenario could be avoided if the company took a more proactive approach and told Maria where she was lacking before announcing the promotions for the employees. This could have made the entire effort look genuine and there would not have been any resentment whatsoever.

Panopticism by Foucault Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Panopticism by Foucault - Essay Example The main similarity between prisons and schools, hospitals, and working places is their functions and structure. The main resemblance is that the role and aim of the administration include the responsibility and control exercised by the state and by the nation. The relationship existing among levels of hierarchical administration, and the methods employed by each, constitute the major issues of policy. The fundamental criterion of efficiency in the administration of schools is to be found in the provision of educational opportunities for children and youth. The main function of prisons is a reformative function aimed to improve behavior patterns of criminals and their attitudes towards the society. The arrangements which make for high efficiency include freedom from partisan political control, the services of a competent professional staff, adequate support, satisfactory buildings and equipment, and programs adapted to the needs of individuals and to the society which the particular institution (a hospital or prison) are organized to serve. In this case, "prisons resemble factories, schools, barracks, hospitals" (Foucault 1995) based on universal and general principles applied to every organization. The approach suggests that organizations can be viewed as essentially the same and that there are few differences between organizations that cannot be overcome by the application of general principles. For instance, similar to regormative functions of prisons, "educational psychology is supposed to correct the rigours of the school, just as the medical or psychiatric interview is supposed to rectify" (Foucault 1995). It is not surprising that "prisons resemble factories, schools, barracks, hospitals" because bureaucratic hierarchical structure is a result of historical development of social institutions and control functions of the state. All institutions mentioned above are 'systems'. In this case, they are affected by its environment and have a structure which has both formal and informal elements. The structure covers how activities are grouped together, the number of levels in the hierarchy, the extent to which authority is decentralized to divisions and units, and the relationships that exist between different units and functions. All organizations have some form of more or less formalized structure which has been defined as comprising 'all the tangible and regularly occurring features which help to shape their members' behavior'. Structures incorporate a network of roles and relationships and are there to help in the process of ensuring that collective effort is explicitly organized to achi eve specified ends. The basic characteristic of prisons as a system is that it transforms inputs into outputs within its environment. The components of the system include the Importation of energy and throughput. Following Foucault "Panopticism of every day may well be below the level of emergence of the great apparatuses and the great political struggles". Similar to hospitals and schools, factories and barracks, prisons include key organizational processes - the major information gathering, communication, decision-making, matter/energy transporting and matter/energy converting actions of the organization's individuals and

Literature review on Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Literature review on Japan - Essay Example The various aspects of contemporary Japan that include geographical, political, economic, cultural, educational and religious phenomenon are discussed in detail (Japan, 2005). The role and constitution of families in Japan has undergone changes in the twentieth century with respect to their tradition. But the concept of continuing family keeps their dear ones close. The people of Japan believe that even if a family does not live together with grandparents and parent, the proximity of separated family should be so close that they can share a bowl of hot soup on a day. This reveals that the concept of family and values has much significance in Japan. The educational system of Japan and workplace culture has grabbed much attention for its severity. This may be recognized with the huge economic success and technological progress of the country. Japanese believe in working hard from a very young age to survive in highly competitive settings. Japanese consider themselves of belonging to a homogenous society. They have a strong sense of national identity and there are no much racial or ethnic divisions. Though they have a feeling of oneness of being Japanese, Jap an is most influenced by popular culture. The culture of young people in Japan is dominated by media with sitcoms like Pokemon, manga and Hello Kitty (Bestor, T. & Hardacre, H 2004). Japanese economy is second only to the United States in terms of having a high GNP. Major industries in Japan include automobile, real estate, manufacturing, communication, construction, services and distribution.

Green Growth And Developing Countries Economics Essay

Green Growth And Developing Countries Economics Essay This scoping report is to discuss different models of partnership between donors and businesses. By partnership, we refer to an arrangement whereby an individual business (or small group of businesses) works with one or more donors in a joint project or programme to deliver a specific outcome. Alternatively, it could include facilities which are set up to facilitate a number of partnerships between business and donors such as the Business Innovation Facility, or Challenge Fund approaches, or the Business Call to Action. This particular component of the wider scoping output focuses on describing and discussing partnership approaches which have been developed between (multilateral or bilateral) donor agencies and individual businesses, or overarching facilities designed to develop those kinds of partnerships with the specific objective of promoting green or low-carbon investment or innovation by business. We have visited partnerships established in a range of different relevant sectors, including agriculture, energy (inc. energy generation and energy efficiency), forest, disaster reduction, water supply (inc. sanitation), recycling/waste management, green buildings construction, transportation, heavy industry and manufacturing, and some cross-sector issues. The review provides a long list of case studies (attached to this report), drawn from developing countries around the world, showcasing different partnerships adopted between business and donors. In this report, after a brief introduction to the concept of green growth and its relationship with developing countries; as well as a description of the conventional contributions from donors and businesses in a partnership, a framework or typology will be developed to categorise the different types of partnerships. It will go on to analyse and compare primarily their pros and cons, and their potential value and suitability for different development purposes. Green growth and developing countries The most serious problems facing the world today water and food supply crises, extreme volatility in energy and food prices, rising greenhouse gas emissions, severe income disparity and chronic fiscal imbalances either stem from environmental mismanagement or inequality, both. Aside from the chronic fiscal imbalances that mostly concern the developed economies, developing countries are the most vulnerable to all of these risks. The key question if whether (and how) environmental goals can be reconciled with growth and poverty reduction in the developing world. The concept of green growth offers real opportunities for more inclusive growth in developing countries while protecting the environment. Developing countries are the key to achieving global green growth. Although today most developing countries contribute only minor shares to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, their emissions will increase if they follow the same path to economic growth as developed countries have followed. Increasingly developing countries are becoming sources of global economic growth, but accompanied by growing emissions and more intensive use of natural resources. The potential economic and social impacts of environmental degradation are particularly serious for developing countries given their dependence on natural resources for economic growth and their vulnerability to energy, food, water scarcity, climate change and extreme weather risks. All these factors are challenging their ability to develop. Developing countries have the greatest opportunities for capitalising on the synergies between environmental and economic sustainability. A green growth approach is the chance for emerging and developing economies to leapfrog unsustainable and wasteful production and consumption patterns. They can still factor environmental issues into their infrastructure investment decisions and can further develop agriculture and other natural resources in a way that improves livelihoods, creates jobs, and reduces poverty. They are less constrained than developed countries, which are now locked into investment choices and sunk capital from previous decades. Adequate financing and capacity would offer developing economies the opportunity to lay down the infrastructure and networks needed to support a sustainable development path. Collaborations between developed and developing countries are essential in efforts to move towards global green growth. But there is no one-size-fits-all prescription for implementing a green growth strategy. National development strategies must be based on each countrys strengths, bottlenecks and constraints. Developed, emerging and developing countries will face different challenges and opportunities in greening growth, as will countries with differing economic and political circumstances. (OECD, 2012) What is green growth and why it is important for developing countries If the world continues a business as usual approach to meeting the rising global demand for food, energy and infrastructure, the world will exceed its ecological carrying capacity. Volatile commodity prices, uncontrollable pollution, severe damage to human health, and irreversible loss of biodiversity systems will be the consequences of these business-as-usual investment decisions. The concept of green growth reframes the conventional growth model and re-assesses many of the investment decisions in meeting energy, agriculture, water and the resource demands of economic growth. The OECD defines green growth as a means to foster economic growth and development while ensuring that natural assets continue to provide the resources and environmental services on which our well-being relies. In this concept, natural capital plays a significant role in ensuring that production and welfare gains are reaped. (OECD, 2012) Some elements of a green growth path to development The overarching goal of green growth is to establish incentives or institutions that increase well-being by: improving resource management so as to boost productivity; encouraging economic activity to take place where it is of best advantage to society over the long-term; finding new ways of meeting the above two objectives, i.e. innovation; Recognising the full value of natural capital as a factor of production along with other commodities and services. Greening the growth path of an economy depends on its policy and institutional settings, level of development, resource endowments and particular environmental pressure points. Policy action requires looking across a very wide range of policies, not just traditionally green policies. Matching green growth policies and poverty reduction objectives will be important for adapting this framework to emerging and developing countries. There are important complementarities between green growth and poverty reduction, which can help to drive progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). These include: more efficient water, energy and transport infrastructure; alleviating poor health associated with environmental degradation; and introducing efficient technologies that can reduce costs and increase productivity, while easing environmental pressure. Given the centrality of natural assets in low income countries, green growth policies can reduce vulnerability to environmental risks and increase the livelihood security of the poor. Source: Based on OECD (2011b), Towards Green Growth A summary for policy makers, OECD, Paris. Green growth and sustainable development Sustainable development provides an important context for green growth. Green growth has not been conceived as a replacement for sustainable development, but rather should be considered as a means to achieve it. It is narrower in scope, entailing an operational policy agenda that can help achieve concrete, measurable progress at the interface of the economy and the environment. It provides a strong focus on fostering the necessary conditions for innovation, investment and competition that can give rise to new sources of economic growth, consistent with resilient ecosystems. Green growth strategies need to pay specific attention to many of the social issues and equity concerns that can arise as a direct result of greening the economy both at the national and international level. To achieve this they should be implemented in parallel with initiatives centring on the broader social pillar of sustainable development. The goal for many developing economies is to achieve diversified and sustainable growth over time, which leads to poverty reduction, increased well-being and major improvements in the quality of life of its citizens. This is achieved by taking into account the full value of natural capital and recognising its essential role in economic growth. A green growth model promotes a cost-effective and resource efficient way of guiding sustainable production and consumption choices. Put simply, green growth will help developing countries to achieve sustainable development. (OECD, 2012) Green growth benefits for developing countries Many developing countries face different and more difficult policy choices than developed countries in defining and implementing green growth strategies. Choosing not to bring more land under cultivation because of the high environmental costs will be difficult for a country with high levels of rural poverty. Though, options for increasing the productivity of existing cultivated land should be explored. Evidently, systems to pay poor countries for ecosystem services and increase the economic and welfare benefit accruing to them and their citizens from maintaining environmental assets will be critical for the political feasibility of green growth strategies. Emerging evidence has reiterated that green growth activities can offer both short term and longer term benefits and opportunities to developing countries. Payment for ecosystems services in Costa Rica, sustainable natural resource extraction in Azerbaijan, social enterprise to promote organic waste treatment in Bangladesh have de monstrated the economic opportunities from investing in natural resources and promoting sectoral sustainability. In the short run, green growth policies are most likely to deliver local benefits in improved environmental management through sustainable waste treatment, better access to water and energy and more desirable health outcomes from controlled pollution. However, these short run benefits should be examined against the immediate costs of identified policies. Phasing out fossil fuel subsidies will trigger higher energy price which will burden both consumers and producers; air pollution controls will affect competitiveness and the prospects of specific sectors, potentially threatening jobs; providing fewer incentives for agricultural fertiliser usage to boost soil productivity and promote sustainable agriculture could decrease the income of many small-scale poor farmers. There are certainly trade-offs in the policy implications although the scale varies according to the nature of the economy and the implementation of the green growth measures. In many cases the poor are potential losers as a result of shifting to green growth. In some cases, powerful actors, including political parties, unions, and the private sector face disadvantages from shifting away from their countrys current development plan. Hence, the short-term benefits can become more visible if appropriate and targeted social complementary policies are implemented hand in hand with green growth measures. In the longer run, the recognised infrastructure deficits to support economic activities are considerable, but there is potential for technology leapfrogging and climate-resilient implementation. Severe shortages of electricity supply and high urbanisation rates demand more efficient energy and public transportation systems in cities. There may be potential job creation, for instance, through sustainable management of natural resources which could on one hand release the tension of urban migration given most of these opportunities are available in rural areas; on the other hand to preserve local livelihoods from environmental impacts, in particular of climate change. (OECD, 2012) Green growth: what can it bring developing countries? Economic benefits Increased GDP production of green goods and services Increased revenue from pricing ecosystem services (or their reduction prevented) Economic diversification, i.e. improved management of economic risks and reduced vulnerability Innovation, access and uptake of green technologies, i.e. improved market confidence Environmental benefits Increased productivity and efficiency of natural resource use Natural capital used within ecological limits Reduced adverse environmental impact and improved natural hazard/risk management Social benefits Increased livelihood opportunities, income and/or quality of life, notably of the poor Decent jobs that benefit poor people created and sustained Enhanced social, human and knowledge capital Reduced inequality

Medical Case Study Essay example -- Health, Inflammation

A. Inflammation 1. In terms of the mechanism of inflammation, explain how the steps of PRICE may minimize Dave’s inflammation. Inflammation is the cleaning up on an injury, and we know it by redness, swelling, warmth, and pain. The impact and distortion to his ankle killed cells, damaged fibers, and the chemical composition of the interstitial fluid was altered. Lysosomes release enzymes that destroy damaged cells and attack surrounding tissues. Debris, fluid, and dying cells accumulate, causing pressure, and histamine, heparin, and prostaglandins increase blood flow, increased vessel permeability, and pain. Ice helps relieve the increased local temperature, and compression helps constrict vessels, reducing swelling. Elevation will also reduce swelling by decreasing blood flow to the area. Protecting the injury and resting will allow it to heal at a faster pace with less additional cells being damaged (Martini 142-143). 2. Although Dave was given a prescription analgesic, there are Over-The-Counter analgesics such as aspirin, acetaminophen and NSAIDS (like Aleve). Choose one of these OTC analgesics and explain how it reduces pain. By blocking the effect of the enzyme, cyclooxygenase, prostaglandin functions, such as sensitizing pain receptors to mechanical and chemical stimuli and causing blood vessels to dilate, decrease (Merck 408). Pain and swelling are reduced. B. Fainting 1. Why did Suzie faint when she got up from the table? Explain the specific changes in her CVS that to caused her to faint. Sitting or standing up too quickly can cause fainting, because the changing in position causes blood to pool in the legs, resulting a fall in blood pressure. If Suzie fainted because she had secretly not eaten bre... ...c. 2011. .http://www.eatingproblems.org/epseffect.html "Physiology & Psychology: Performance Benchmarks -- Cardiac Output." Extended University, Montana State University. Web. 05 Dec. 2011. . "Pulmonary Function Testing." Www2.nau.edu. Web. 05 Dec. 2011. . "Total Protein: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia." National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health. Web. 05 Dec. 2011. . "What People With Anorexia Nervosa Need to Know About Osteoporosis." Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Web. 05 Dec. 2011. .