Historical Method Essay Example

Historical Method Essay History is the study of the past.For historians the past dates back to 4,000 B.C., when events werefirst marked by writing, until present day.In its content history is everything.Historians spend their whole lives figuring out which events are more substancial than others.In order to achieve this, the historical method is put into practice.A problem solving technique using the gatheration of data, classification, interpretation and the most essential step, writing and teaching.Thefirst step to studying the past events is gathering data.There are two types known as primary and secondary resources.Although both play an important role in gathering information, primary is the one you can not omit.In order to decipher which is primary and which is secondary there is a criteria that must be met.Person and time are the two categories under criteria.An example of primary resources would be a journal entry written by a person during that specific event.A historian could use a victim of the Ho locausts diary as a primary source.Being that the victim experienced those actual events.Secondary resources would be a text book or magazine article written about a past event.The writer however, was not present at that point in time.Secondary resources eventually evolve into primary.The second step deals with classification.Every historians way of classifying is different.Their frame of reference is based on genetics and their environment.The way a person is raised to believe in certain aspects or taught by the people around them determines their point of view.Thefirst way to classify events is chronologically.A historian might take World War II for example, and list all the events from when the war began to the final battle that ended the war.Another approach is concepts and ideas.A historian might group events according to religious aspects, social, economical, environmental, etc.

Protecting the rights of immigrant workers

Protecting the rights of immigrant workers Introduction Immigrant workers refer to those who move from their home countries to other countries in search of labor. It is evident that many countries have continued violating the rights of these immigrants. The following is a report on possible ways of protecting the rights of these workers. It is also a recommendation of policies that the government can use to protect the rights of immigrant workers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Protecting the rights of immigrant workers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Recommendations The origin government should establish a link with the host country, which monitors how the host government treats its citizens. Another feasible way of protecting the rights of these workers is through the provision of accurate and reliable information. Many immigrant workers make their decision based on false decisions about opportunities outside their countries. They end up in the hands of smugglers and other crude agencies that mistreat them. Therefore, the government has the responsibility of providing relevant information to ensure that they make informed decisions before moving. Immigration and citizenship policies Immigration policies are plans that regulate the movement of people across geographical borders. In most cases, the policies deal with those who move in search of employment. One of the best policies is the introduction of global/transnational citizenship. This citizenship comes with rights that help in protecting the rights of immigrants. This is possible because national citizenship does not mandate law enforcement agencies to take action on violators of the rights of immigrants. For instance, the United Nations Conventions on human rights have no meaning if the local government does not recognize them. Transnational citizenship develops a uniform approach to rights of immigrants. However, national citizenship is important because it creates a sense of belonging among the holders. Another feasible immigration policy is the bilateral agreements signed between the origin and destination countries. These agreements come along with the rights of immigrants as well as procedures and remedies for violation of these rights. The origin government can use this panel to negotiate for improved rights of the workers. The two governments can also appoint a monitoring committee that evaluates the performance of the agreement. Immigration comes with different cultures and beliefs. Some of these beliefs cannot be applied outside the origin country. The government must come up with different regulation on how to monitor the immigrants. It should be able to identify the countries that are capable of producing skilled workers. The compatibility of cultures between different countries helps in protecting the rights of citizens and noncitizens.Advertising Looking for essay on administrative law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The government should also establish a taskforce that regulates the employment of immigrant workers. This taskforce should have the mandate of taking legal action against the violators of immigrant workers’ rights. Employers exploit the rights of immigrants because there are no policies that regulate their behavior. This policy will ensure that employers do not take advantage of desperate immigrants looking for job opportunities. Conclusion From the above discussion, it is clear that protecting the rights of immigrants begins at the national level. It is difficult for countries to incorporate international laws in their national laws. For example, the United Nations has different regulations regarding citizenship and rights of immigrants. However, different countries use their own regulation and disregard the United Nations laws. Non-member countries will ignore the United Nations regulation and laws. Therefore, action on protect ion of the rights of immigrant workers should begin at the national level. So much can be done to improve protection of rights of immigrants by applying the ways that the report has discussed.

Plan of Action Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Plan of Action - Term Paper Example Maria has misunderstood things here. She has put the blame upon the company on a totally different tangent altogether. There is no reason why she should be blaming the company for her poor communication skills and traits that she has been displaying over a period of time. She believes that she is being maltreated as there is a bias within the company but this is not something that has been pondered upon deeply by the people who are sitting within the helm of affairs in the company. Maria must know that any company within the business world exists to satisfy not only the customers but its internal publics as well, which comprise of its own employees who are the most prized possessions that these companies can ever have. When Maria says that the company is treating her in a shabby way, it is the bias which is reflected in her understanding and not the way in which work gets done within the domains of the organization in the long run (Kim 2002). What the company has to do in such a sett ing is to make Maria realize that she is in the wrong, and that she shall have to be treated fairly no matter what happens. However at the present, Maria has become disgruntled because she believes that she is being hard done by due to her color and Latin ancestry. The scenario could be avoided if the company took a more proactive approach and told Maria where she was lacking before announcing the promotions for the employees. This could have made the entire effort look genuine and there would not have been any resentment whatsoever.

Panopticism by Foucault Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Panopticism by Foucault - Essay Example The main similarity between prisons and schools, hospitals, and working places is their functions and structure. The main resemblance is that the role and aim of the administration include the responsibility and control exercised by the state and by the nation. The relationship existing among levels of hierarchical administration, and the methods employed by each, constitute the major issues of policy. The fundamental criterion of efficiency in the administration of schools is to be found in the provision of educational opportunities for children and youth. The main function of prisons is a reformative function aimed to improve behavior patterns of criminals and their attitudes towards the society. The arrangements which make for high efficiency include freedom from partisan political control, the services of a competent professional staff, adequate support, satisfactory buildings and equipment, and programs adapted to the needs of individuals and to the society which the particular institution (a hospital or prison) are organized to serve. In this case, "prisons resemble factories, schools, barracks, hospitals" (Foucault 1995) based on universal and general principles applied to every organization. The approach suggests that organizations can be viewed as essentially the same and that there are few differences between organizations that cannot be overcome by the application of general principles. For instance, similar to regormative functions of prisons, "educational psychology is supposed to correct the rigours of the school, just as the medical or psychiatric interview is supposed to rectify" (Foucault 1995). It is not surprising that "prisons resemble factories, schools, barracks, hospitals" because bureaucratic hierarchical structure is a result of historical development of social institutions and control functions of the state. All institutions mentioned above are 'systems'. In this case, they are affected by its environment and have a structure which has both formal and informal elements. The structure covers how activities are grouped together, the number of levels in the hierarchy, the extent to which authority is decentralized to divisions and units, and the relationships that exist between different units and functions. All organizations have some form of more or less formalized structure which has been defined as comprising 'all the tangible and regularly occurring features which help to shape their members' behavior'. Structures incorporate a network of roles and relationships and are there to help in the process of ensuring that collective effort is explicitly organized to achi eve specified ends. The basic characteristic of prisons as a system is that it transforms inputs into outputs within its environment. The components of the system include the Importation of energy and throughput. Following Foucault "Panopticism of every day may well be below the level of emergence of the great apparatuses and the great political struggles". Similar to hospitals and schools, factories and barracks, prisons include key organizational processes - the major information gathering, communication, decision-making, matter/energy transporting and matter/energy converting actions of the organization's individuals and

Literature review on Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Literature review on Japan - Essay Example The various aspects of contemporary Japan that include geographical, political, economic, cultural, educational and religious phenomenon are discussed in detail (Japan, 2005). The role and constitution of families in Japan has undergone changes in the twentieth century with respect to their tradition. But the concept of continuing family keeps their dear ones close. The people of Japan believe that even if a family does not live together with grandparents and parent, the proximity of separated family should be so close that they can share a bowl of hot soup on a day. This reveals that the concept of family and values has much significance in Japan. The educational system of Japan and workplace culture has grabbed much attention for its severity. This may be recognized with the huge economic success and technological progress of the country. Japanese believe in working hard from a very young age to survive in highly competitive settings. Japanese consider themselves of belonging to a homogenous society. They have a strong sense of national identity and there are no much racial or ethnic divisions. Though they have a feeling of oneness of being Japanese, Jap an is most influenced by popular culture. The culture of young people in Japan is dominated by media with sitcoms like Pokemon, manga and Hello Kitty (Bestor, T. & Hardacre, H 2004). Japanese economy is second only to the United States in terms of having a high GNP. Major industries in Japan include automobile, real estate, manufacturing, communication, construction, services and distribution.

Green Growth And Developing Countries Economics Essay

Green Growth And Developing Countries Economics Essay This scoping report is to discuss different models of partnership between donors and businesses. By partnership, we refer to an arrangement whereby an individual business (or small group of businesses) works with one or more donors in a joint project or programme to deliver a specific outcome. Alternatively, it could include facilities which are set up to facilitate a number of partnerships between business and donors such as the Business Innovation Facility, or Challenge Fund approaches, or the Business Call to Action. This particular component of the wider scoping output focuses on describing and discussing partnership approaches which have been developed between (multilateral or bilateral) donor agencies and individual businesses, or overarching facilities designed to develop those kinds of partnerships with the specific objective of promoting green or low-carbon investment or innovation by business. We have visited partnerships established in a range of different relevant sectors, including agriculture, energy (inc. energy generation and energy efficiency), forest, disaster reduction, water supply (inc. sanitation), recycling/waste management, green buildings construction, transportation, heavy industry and manufacturing, and some cross-sector issues. The review provides a long list of case studies (attached to this report), drawn from developing countries around the world, showcasing different partnerships adopted between business and donors. In this report, after a brief introduction to the concept of green growth and its relationship with developing countries; as well as a description of the conventional contributions from donors and businesses in a partnership, a framework or typology will be developed to categorise the different types of partnerships. It will go on to analyse and compare primarily their pros and cons, and their potential value and suitability for different development purposes. Green growth and developing countries The most serious problems facing the world today water and food supply crises, extreme volatility in energy and food prices, rising greenhouse gas emissions, severe income disparity and chronic fiscal imbalances either stem from environmental mismanagement or inequality, both. Aside from the chronic fiscal imbalances that mostly concern the developed economies, developing countries are the most vulnerable to all of these risks. The key question if whether (and how) environmental goals can be reconciled with growth and poverty reduction in the developing world. The concept of green growth offers real opportunities for more inclusive growth in developing countries while protecting the environment. Developing countries are the key to achieving global green growth. Although today most developing countries contribute only minor shares to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, their emissions will increase if they follow the same path to economic growth as developed countries have followed. Increasingly developing countries are becoming sources of global economic growth, but accompanied by growing emissions and more intensive use of natural resources. The potential economic and social impacts of environmental degradation are particularly serious for developing countries given their dependence on natural resources for economic growth and their vulnerability to energy, food, water scarcity, climate change and extreme weather risks. All these factors are challenging their ability to develop. Developing countries have the greatest opportunities for capitalising on the synergies between environmental and economic sustainability. A green growth approach is the chance for emerging and developing economies to leapfrog unsustainable and wasteful production and consumption patterns. They can still factor environmental issues into their infrastructure investment decisions and can further develop agriculture and other natural resources in a way that improves livelihoods, creates jobs, and reduces poverty. They are less constrained than developed countries, which are now locked into investment choices and sunk capital from previous decades. Adequate financing and capacity would offer developing economies the opportunity to lay down the infrastructure and networks needed to support a sustainable development path. Collaborations between developed and developing countries are essential in efforts to move towards global green growth. But there is no one-size-fits-all prescription for implementing a green growth strategy. National development strategies must be based on each countrys strengths, bottlenecks and constraints. Developed, emerging and developing countries will face different challenges and opportunities in greening growth, as will countries with differing economic and political circumstances. (OECD, 2012) What is green growth and why it is important for developing countries If the world continues a business as usual approach to meeting the rising global demand for food, energy and infrastructure, the world will exceed its ecological carrying capacity. Volatile commodity prices, uncontrollable pollution, severe damage to human health, and irreversible loss of biodiversity systems will be the consequences of these business-as-usual investment decisions. The concept of green growth reframes the conventional growth model and re-assesses many of the investment decisions in meeting energy, agriculture, water and the resource demands of economic growth. The OECD defines green growth as a means to foster economic growth and development while ensuring that natural assets continue to provide the resources and environmental services on which our well-being relies. In this concept, natural capital plays a significant role in ensuring that production and welfare gains are reaped. (OECD, 2012) Some elements of a green growth path to development The overarching goal of green growth is to establish incentives or institutions that increase well-being by: improving resource management so as to boost productivity; encouraging economic activity to take place where it is of best advantage to society over the long-term; finding new ways of meeting the above two objectives, i.e. innovation; Recognising the full value of natural capital as a factor of production along with other commodities and services. Greening the growth path of an economy depends on its policy and institutional settings, level of development, resource endowments and particular environmental pressure points. Policy action requires looking across a very wide range of policies, not just traditionally green policies. Matching green growth policies and poverty reduction objectives will be important for adapting this framework to emerging and developing countries. There are important complementarities between green growth and poverty reduction, which can help to drive progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). These include: more efficient water, energy and transport infrastructure; alleviating poor health associated with environmental degradation; and introducing efficient technologies that can reduce costs and increase productivity, while easing environmental pressure. Given the centrality of natural assets in low income countries, green growth policies can reduce vulnerability to environmental risks and increase the livelihood security of the poor. Source: Based on OECD (2011b), Towards Green Growth A summary for policy makers, OECD, Paris. Green growth and sustainable development Sustainable development provides an important context for green growth. Green growth has not been conceived as a replacement for sustainable development, but rather should be considered as a means to achieve it. It is narrower in scope, entailing an operational policy agenda that can help achieve concrete, measurable progress at the interface of the economy and the environment. It provides a strong focus on fostering the necessary conditions for innovation, investment and competition that can give rise to new sources of economic growth, consistent with resilient ecosystems. Green growth strategies need to pay specific attention to many of the social issues and equity concerns that can arise as a direct result of greening the economy both at the national and international level. To achieve this they should be implemented in parallel with initiatives centring on the broader social pillar of sustainable development. The goal for many developing economies is to achieve diversified and sustainable growth over time, which leads to poverty reduction, increased well-being and major improvements in the quality of life of its citizens. This is achieved by taking into account the full value of natural capital and recognising its essential role in economic growth. A green growth model promotes a cost-effective and resource efficient way of guiding sustainable production and consumption choices. Put simply, green growth will help developing countries to achieve sustainable development. (OECD, 2012) Green growth benefits for developing countries Many developing countries face different and more difficult policy choices than developed countries in defining and implementing green growth strategies. Choosing not to bring more land under cultivation because of the high environmental costs will be difficult for a country with high levels of rural poverty. Though, options for increasing the productivity of existing cultivated land should be explored. Evidently, systems to pay poor countries for ecosystem services and increase the economic and welfare benefit accruing to them and their citizens from maintaining environmental assets will be critical for the political feasibility of green growth strategies. Emerging evidence has reiterated that green growth activities can offer both short term and longer term benefits and opportunities to developing countries. Payment for ecosystems services in Costa Rica, sustainable natural resource extraction in Azerbaijan, social enterprise to promote organic waste treatment in Bangladesh have de monstrated the economic opportunities from investing in natural resources and promoting sectoral sustainability. In the short run, green growth policies are most likely to deliver local benefits in improved environmental management through sustainable waste treatment, better access to water and energy and more desirable health outcomes from controlled pollution. However, these short run benefits should be examined against the immediate costs of identified policies. Phasing out fossil fuel subsidies will trigger higher energy price which will burden both consumers and producers; air pollution controls will affect competitiveness and the prospects of specific sectors, potentially threatening jobs; providing fewer incentives for agricultural fertiliser usage to boost soil productivity and promote sustainable agriculture could decrease the income of many small-scale poor farmers. There are certainly trade-offs in the policy implications although the scale varies according to the nature of the economy and the implementation of the green growth measures. In many cases the poor are potential losers as a result of shifting to green growth. In some cases, powerful actors, including political parties, unions, and the private sector face disadvantages from shifting away from their countrys current development plan. Hence, the short-term benefits can become more visible if appropriate and targeted social complementary policies are implemented hand in hand with green growth measures. In the longer run, the recognised infrastructure deficits to support economic activities are considerable, but there is potential for technology leapfrogging and climate-resilient implementation. Severe shortages of electricity supply and high urbanisation rates demand more efficient energy and public transportation systems in cities. There may be potential job creation, for instance, through sustainable management of natural resources which could on one hand release the tension of urban migration given most of these opportunities are available in rural areas; on the other hand to preserve local livelihoods from environmental impacts, in particular of climate change. (OECD, 2012) Green growth: what can it bring developing countries? Economic benefits Increased GDP production of green goods and services Increased revenue from pricing ecosystem services (or their reduction prevented) Economic diversification, i.e. improved management of economic risks and reduced vulnerability Innovation, access and uptake of green technologies, i.e. improved market confidence Environmental benefits Increased productivity and efficiency of natural resource use Natural capital used within ecological limits Reduced adverse environmental impact and improved natural hazard/risk management Social benefits Increased livelihood opportunities, income and/or quality of life, notably of the poor Decent jobs that benefit poor people created and sustained Enhanced social, human and knowledge capital Reduced inequality

Medical Case Study Essay example -- Health, Inflammation

A. Inflammation 1. In terms of the mechanism of inflammation, explain how the steps of PRICE may minimize Dave’s inflammation. Inflammation is the cleaning up on an injury, and we know it by redness, swelling, warmth, and pain. The impact and distortion to his ankle killed cells, damaged fibers, and the chemical composition of the interstitial fluid was altered. Lysosomes release enzymes that destroy damaged cells and attack surrounding tissues. Debris, fluid, and dying cells accumulate, causing pressure, and histamine, heparin, and prostaglandins increase blood flow, increased vessel permeability, and pain. Ice helps relieve the increased local temperature, and compression helps constrict vessels, reducing swelling. Elevation will also reduce swelling by decreasing blood flow to the area. Protecting the injury and resting will allow it to heal at a faster pace with less additional cells being damaged (Martini 142-143). 2. Although Dave was given a prescription analgesic, there are Over-The-Counter analgesics such as aspirin, acetaminophen and NSAIDS (like Aleve). Choose one of these OTC analgesics and explain how it reduces pain. By blocking the effect of the enzyme, cyclooxygenase, prostaglandin functions, such as sensitizing pain receptors to mechanical and chemical stimuli and causing blood vessels to dilate, decrease (Merck 408). Pain and swelling are reduced. B. Fainting 1. Why did Suzie faint when she got up from the table? Explain the specific changes in her CVS that to caused her to faint. Sitting or standing up too quickly can cause fainting, because the changing in position causes blood to pool in the legs, resulting a fall in blood pressure. If Suzie fainted because she had secretly not eaten bre... ...c. 2011. .http://www.eatingproblems.org/epseffect.html "Physiology & Psychology: Performance Benchmarks -- Cardiac Output." Extended University, Montana State University. Web. 05 Dec. 2011. . "Pulmonary Function Testing." Www2.nau.edu. Web. 05 Dec. 2011. . "Total Protein: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia." National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health. Web. 05 Dec. 2011. . "What People With Anorexia Nervosa Need to Know About Osteoporosis." Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Web. 05 Dec. 2011. .

Health Hazards in Nursing

Occupational Health Hazards in the Medical Field Kim Chastain AB TECH April 24, 2012 Abstract Medical personnel come into contact with a complex variety of deadly toxins. Contact comes from industrial cleaners, sterilization products, radiation, medications, and mercury. Side effects of these toxic materials are known to lead to a variety of cancers, miscarriages, asthma, birth defects and metabolic syndromes. Government agencies have been negligent in protecting healthcare workers from exposures to these materials.There has never been a government-funded study of these materials and their impact on health and the environment; however independent studies have shown higher rates of disease in healthcare professionals and their children. According to Environmental Working Group (2007), of the 82,000 chemicals in record only around one hundred and eighty have been tested. Thousands of pollutants can be found in any medical setting yet only six have government workplace safety standards. Exposure standards fall to individual facilities to regulate, and vary wildly depending on facility understanding of these toxins. Continued training is recommended when new chemicals and equipment are changed. Healthcare facilities should also be tested on a yearly basis to identify areas of contamination to the employee and patient. Keywords Toxin, hazards, occupational disease In 1970 President Nixon and Congress instituted OSHA to create a safe working environment and NIOSH (The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) to research workplace hazards.While OSHA and NIOSH have clear guidelines for common biohazard procedures, almost nothing exists for chemical and toxin exposures. From doctors and nurses to janitors and mail delivery, anyone who comes into contact with these toxins is at risk. The nature of the nurse or doctors exposure is two fold; consumer contaminates from home and industrial contaminates from work. Illnesses reported by medical personnel range fro m chronic skin dermatitis and asthma to acute life threatening conditions; rare cancers, spontaneous abortions, metabolic syndromes and birth defects.The importance of studying the multigenerational human impact of these contaminates is not only to help the lives of the medical employee, but would result in helping to determine the effects on the population as well. Individuals that work in health care should be aware of workplace exposure to hazardous materials found in the medical industry to better protect themselves. While the government plays catch up with science individuals must be proactive in learning about the dangers and what they can do to make their workplace safer. Locating the DangerIt is no surprise that toxins can be found in a medical setting. What does surprise experts is that there are not more regulations and education on how to handle them. There is no question of the impact that these contaminates have on medical personnel and their families. Environmental Wor king Group (EWG) conducted a survey in 2007 to examine exposure and its effects regarding nurses. Fifteen hundred nurses were asked in a survey to list exposure to eleven common toxins found in a medical setting and health problems seen in their children and themselves. The data is staggering.Organizations around the world have conducted their own investigations into workplace exposure and have found the same results. The conclusion is a global pandemic of cancer, miscarriages and illness never before seen in any other workplace. Figure 1 (Environmental Working Group, 2007) An article by Carol Smith (2010) presents InvestigateWests examination into the regulations surrounding medication exposure regulations and chronicles the impact they pose by following the illness of pharmacist Sue Crump. Ms. Crump at the time of the interview was in the end stages of pancreatic cancer.Crump had spent 23 years working in the medical industry mixing chemo drugs. InvestigateWest found that no gover nment agency has any regulations on exposure to drugs; even those that OSHA has deemed as hazardous. OSHA defines hazardous drugs to knowingly cause cancer, birth defects and other illness. Thomas Conner, a researcher for the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has spent four decades studying chemo medications on personnel. He emphasizes that, â€Å"There is no other occupation population (that handles) so many known human carcinogens† (Lifesaving Drugs, Deadly Consequences, 2010, para. 1 ). Unlike the US, European countries have taken notice and placed stronger standards to protect its workers, and most have replaced most toxins with green chemicals. Two Danish studies have found â€Å"a significant increased risk of leukemia among oncology nurses and physicians† and extreme risks of multiple cancers for medical workers (A Silent Threat, 2010, para. 10). Concerned over the growing number of studies NIOSH issued an alert on the dangers of handling tox ic drugs; however they are only recommendations and OSHA has no intent on making them regulatory.According to the Environmental Working Groups Survey on Nurses (2007), starting with the Toxic Substance Control Act in 1976, â€Å"the EPA has not reviewed or even begun gathering safety data for more than eighty percent of the chemicals produced or imported in annual quantities exceeding ten thousand pounds† (The System is Broken, para. 4). This brings in to question the very nature of the agencies that have been put into place to protect its citizens. There seems to be no clear cut standard for how these government agencies handle the data and respond to the people or each other.While each one clearly knows and verifies the existence of the dangers they do nothing about it. Common Toxins Anesthetic Gas Anesthesia is commonly used in dental and surgical procedures. Gases escape can from facemasks, tubes and even regulating machines that were created to control exposure. Although NIOSH has recommended exposure limits for many gases used it is primarily to protect the worker during the procedure. These gases have been found to increase neurological issues, lowered fertility in men and women, miscarriage and higher rates of birth defects in children; articulalry neurological complications. Medications According to EWG, the FDA has approved close to six thousand medications. Even in trace amounts these medications can pose serious effects. No study has ever been conducted to examine the hazard of combining medications in humans. Some chemo drugs are capable of damaging DNA and are known cause certain types of rare cancer. Antiretroviral drugs used for HIV treatment are even more dangerous to a developing fetus. Unnecessary exposure to medication has been linked to everything from skin rashes, asthma, cancer, infertility, and birth defects.Latex and personal care products Latex is a common material used in gloves, catheters, and other plastics. Personal care it ems range from shampoo to shaving cream used by patients. Both were linked to asthma and allergies, ranging from mild reactions to life threatening anaphylaxes. Medical professionals have already been found to have to leave the job because of the seriousness of their allergies. Mercury containing devices Mercury can still be found in devices ranging from thermometers, blood pressure cuffs to non-medical devices, such as batteries and thermostats.It is known to be extremely toxic to the brain and nervous system. Neurological disorders have been found to be higher in medical personnel than other occupations. Children born to nurses exposed during pregnancy have higher degrees of developmental delays and central nervous system diseases. Radiation Radiation can be found in medications and used in life saving medical devices. Imaging machines, such as MRI and CAT scans, have been shown to emit radiation even when protections are in place. Radiation exposure has been proven to cause an in creased rate of miscarriage, cancer and birth defects. SterilizationEthylene oxide & Glutaraldehyde are chemicals used to sterilize anything that cannot be sterilized by steam. Whether the exposure was from the liquid form or spread through evaporation it has been linked allergies, anemia and severe migraines. Recommendations Although many of these contaminates are needed, immediate action should be taken place to insure the health of everyone who works near them. Rigorous standards for the handling of and the exposure to toxins; updated and complete profiles for chemicals and their affects on health and the environment; and investigations on healthcare personnel and their children’s lifespans.Education should be as fast paced as chemical production. Healthcare facilities should have mandatory guidelines for replacing hazards with green alternatives when available and only extensively trained personnel allowed to handle them. Conclusions Since the inception of control and reg ulation of toxins and chemicals the government has banned production of only one chemical, and set very few exposure standards for personnel that are exposed to them. Its apparent in the data that what’s being done currently is not working.No other workforce has been asked not only to risk their lives but the lives of their children as well. Bringing to mind the aftermath of 9/11, when the nation watched as military, medical personnel, police, FEMA, and firemen ran to act. Only this time no one seems to be watching. Families of medical workers, like Sue Crumb, have been left to wonder why nothing has been done. It has been reported that the nursing shortage is over but is expected to reemerge again by 2020 as the largest employed group of nurses retire.If the healthcare industry continues to be a hazard to its staff one could only assume that the shortage will become worse. No one can deny that the current burden on the healthcare system is extreme. When our health care profe ssionals begin to get sick the burden will become greater. By stepping forward now, patient and health professional together, perhaps we can save generations of lives from needless loss. References Brody, J. M. (2007). Improving Disclosure and Consent: â€Å"Is It Safe? † New Ethics for Reporting Personal Exposures to Environmental Chemicals.American Journal Of Public Health, 97(9), 1547. Cooney, C. M. (2003). CDC pegs human exposures to chemicals. Environmental Science & Technology, 37(9), 168A. Toxic Americans. (2003). Ecologist, 33(3), 7. Environmental Working Group. (2007). A Survey on Health and Chemical Exposures. Retrieved from http://www. ewg. org/reports/nursesurvey US Government Accounting Office. (2005) Chemical Regulation: Options Exist to Improve EPA’s Ability to Assess Health Risk and Manage Its Chemical Review Program. [PDF]. Retrieved from http://www. noharm. rg/lib/downloads/chemicals/GAO_Chemical%20Regulation_Rpt. pdf United States Department Of Labor . (2012). Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA). Retrieved from http://www. osha. gov/ Centers for Disease Control. (2012). The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Retrieved from http://www. cdc. gov/niosh/about. html Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. (1976). International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Part III, Article 6-7) Retrieved from http://www2. ohchr. rg/english/law/cescr. htm Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry. (2012). Minimal Risk Levels (MELs) for Hazardous Substances. Retrieved from http://www. atsdr. cdc. gov/mrls/mrllist. asp United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). (2009) About the GHS. Retrieved from http://www. unece. org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_welcome_e. html United States Department of Labor (2012) OSHA Hazard Communication (GHS). Retrieved from http://www. osha. gov/dsg/hazcom/index. html Michaels, D. (2012, March 12) OHSA Revised Hazard Commun ication Standard. Video] Retrieved from http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=uhxp-X6Eqts&context=C4afdff5ADvjVQa1PpcFOfmWo3rcGP16a3ScZVMdv1fYTB5eM1EqQ= US Food and Drug Association (Producer). (2008, January 17). Hazards from Using Cleaners on Medical Equipment. [Video] Retrieved from http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=_zE124CbUuM Smith, C. (2010, July 9). Lifesaving Drugs, Deadly Consequences. Retrieved from http://invw. org/chemo-main Smith, C. (2010, July 10). US Lags Behind on Worker Safeguards. Retrieved from http://seattletimes. nwsource. com/html/localnews/2012327672_chemoosha11. html

Starting Early, Starting Late Essays - Sleep, Mary Carskadon

Starting Early, Starting Late Essays - Sleep, Mary Carskadon Starting Early, Starting Late THIS REPORT WAS TAKEN FROM THIS SITE, AND THEN REFINED TO USE FOR AN ENGLISH 3 PERSUASIVE PARAGRAPH. (-Means New Paragraph, it is 8 paragraphs and 3 pages long) Start here- -Do you enjoy going to school at 7 in the morning? Are you fully awake and think you can handle lifes many daily challenges to the fullest of your ability? I think not. -We at Raymore Peculiar High School need more sleep. In order to fulfill this task, the school day would have to start at a later time. Everyone would benefit from these changes. Teachers would get off our backs about being grouchy and not doing well on tests, because we do not remember anything. Students would be less irritable in class, and they would also be more attentive to teachers little fun lectures, because their heads will not be in their books, literally. -Many teenage high school students are tired during the school day, distracting them from their studies. Which is one of the many good reasons in which the starting time of school should be later in the day. Some people may say that the brain not being fully functional until around 9:30 is just a matter of belief, however we upperclassmen have come to the conclusion that our counterpart, also know as underclassmen, brains are never quite fully functional. -Studies have suggested that the average adolescent brain does not even start to fully function until around 9:30 am. Many schools already use the suggested later arrival time, so their students can be ready to learn when they arrive at school. Another thing that everyone knows or remembers about high school is all of the homework that needs to be done for next class. Plus projects that are due, persuasive essays (such as this particular assignment) that need written, and the time you need to be a teenager, called socialization, or a time to kick it and chill. Most students even have so much work that they will stay up all night just to get it done. -The down side for starting school at a later time is the fact that we would be in school later in the day. We would not get out of school until 4:30 instead of 2:30. That would throw off everything, work schedules, athletic schedules, detentions; all sorts of things would be different. The elementary schools would not release classes until 5:30. Which would then pose a problem to the bus company, day care centers, and the working parents of the students. They would have to be at work, before their children even had to be at school. -When needing a minimum of 9 hours of sleep as a teenager, getting up at 6:30 in order to get ready for school is just not enough time. It is easy to think that students will just procrastinate even more, but the average teenager is smarter than you may think. It sounds absurd to think that students sleep during the school day. The fact is that many students fall asleep during class. Remember that sleep is not something you can make yourself not want. Throwing water on your face, listening to loud music, or taking a shower cannot make your bodies craving for sleep disappear. There are also risks involved with not getting enough sleep. Most people will be very sleepy and drowsy during the day, and they may encounter mood and behavioral problems. These things could also develop more into serious sleeping disorders. -Experts advise to not read or watch television shows when unwinding from a day at school or work. Mary Carskadon of Brown Universitys School of Medicine even believes that students do not need anymore sleep than adults do, but Carskadon still recommends that the school start time should be later in the daytime. The average high school student just needs a little slack every once in a while; they need a way to cope with being a teen. The average teenager needs more sleep. It is imperative that we receive these demands for the safety, well-being, and pleasure of the community as a whole.

How to Write a Research Proposal in English A Complete Guide for College Students

How to Write a Research Proposal in English A Complete Guide for College Students A research proposal is a brief outline of the research project you propose, usually presupposing a request for support and sponsorship. Therefore, it is, to a significant degree, the most important part of almost any serious research endeavor, because how well it is written defines whether the project in question is going to be realized. When it comes to English studies, it is worth mentioning that the nature of the discipline dramatically changed over the last few decades, drifting from the study of English literature to the study of literature in English. In addition, many modern English departments accept a much broader understanding of what text is, incorporating oral narratives, films, products of popular and visual culture and other media that aren’t traditionally associated with literature. Therefore, any research in this discipline is very likely to become interdisciplinary, and you should consider it before choosing a topic and starting your work. It is hard to stress this enough – writing a research proposal isn’t something to be taken lightly. It may be relatively small in size, but preparing it requires an enormous amount of focus, work, preparation and polishing, as the future of an entire project depends on it. In this guide, you will find everything you need to know to successfully complete this task. How to Pick a Suitable Topic for Your Research Proposal in English 1. Avoid the Path of Least Resistance The very fact that you are at the level when it is necessary to write a research proposal and have it accepted before you can start working should demonstrate that the easy days are over. At earlier stages it was possible to ask your professor to suggest a topic or an area of research, have him/her point out the texts and reference material you may find useful and recompile it in a semblance of an original work. From now on, your research has to be original. You may ask your professor if the topic you’ve come up with is viable or bounce some ideas off him/her, but don’t ask him/her to define the very direction of your research. 2. Choose a Topic That Appealed to You during BA or MA Studies This is probably the safest place to start. You’ve already done some research and laid some groundwork in certain topics. Do any of them appeal to you enough to study them deeper? It may be a specific author, literary genre, literature (e.g., American 19th century literature or Middle English literature), or a critical idea (e.g., national identity or religious motives). 3. Explore an Unfamiliar Topic If you want your work to be more interesting, you may select a topic that is not familiar to you. The advantage of this approach is that your work is going to be a real research, because you will discover new things as you go along. The potential problem is that you never know what direction this work is going to take. 4. Choose a Topic that Reflects Your Own Identity The best topics (or, at least, the ones that lead to the best research) are the ones that resonate with your own life, identity and experience. Just like in the humanities in general, research in English very often boils down to the research of your own identity: linguistic, national, class, ethnic, gender identity, underline as necessary. If you connect to your research on a personal level, it will certainly show itself (e.g., if you are an Asian American and strongly identify with your ancestry, you can study the representation of Asian Americans in American literature). These are just a few examples of approaches you can take when choosing a topic – there are no real limitations as to what you can try. Just try to find out if there is enough material to go on before you commit to anything serious. Some examples of good topics are: Gender Roles in Little Dorrit by Charles Dickens; Historical Background and Its Role in the Creation of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain; Religion and Religious Consciousness in One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia Marquez; Common Motives in 1984 and Animal Farm by George Orwell; Politics, Religion and Mysticism in The Ball and the Cross by Gilbert Chesterton. What Should a Typical Research Proposal in English Studies Contain The exact contents of a research proposal differ from college to college and vary from relatively simple affairs to complex papers in many parts. However, usually it should contain the following: Research Topic A brief outline of what you intend to research. Methodology How you will address the research question and what methods you will use. Usually only written if there is something unusual about the methodology. Time and Expenses How long the research will take and the resources it will need. Context What is the relation of your research to the existing works in this or relevant fields? How is your research different from these works? This part is a good place to demonstrate your familiarity with prior research on the topic. Your Contribution Show why you believe there is a need in the research on the proposed topic and what impact your research will have on this and other areas. Properly written, this part shows that you already view your subject matter in detail rather than merely in outline. Resources You Will Use Exemplify that you know what you need to complete your research and aren’t just going to blindly look around for leads. Project Roadmap Indicate how your project is likely to develop. You may provide different variants depending on how much material you are able to find. However, usually you don’t have to divide the proposal into individual headings – just make sure you cover all these areas. What You Should Do before Starting to Write Your Research Proposal 1. Study the Requirements The first thing you should realize is that there is no single standard for research proposals in English. Depending on the college, the funding body, the course you apply for and other factors, the requirements you have to follows can be wildly different. For example, in Cambridge, your proposal should be 500 words long if you apply for a place on an MPhil course, and 800 words long in you apply for a PhD course. University of Birmingham suggests that it should be around 2,500 words, and you will find even greater discrepancies in other sources. So make sure you get all the guidelines and refresh them in your mind from time to time as you write. 2. Prepare Your Sources Your proposal has to contain a literature review, and the sooner you start collecting information sources, the better. Ideally, you should do it before you do anything else – this way you will know if there is enough material to go about. If you discover there is nothing to build upon, you will be able to start looking for another topic without having committed yourself to anything. There are plenty of resources on the Internet where you can find citations to the sources you may be interested in. A good rule of a thumb is to discuss at least 5 studies in your literature review. 3. Contact the College’s Staff before Applying Officially College staff is usually understanding towards those trying to have their research accepted. You may want to get in touch with somebody who is well-versed in the school’s requirements and demands and shares your research idea. If they see it to be well-aligned with the college’s research strengths, they will give you a few pointers on how you can improve the proposal before you try to officially submit it. Writing a Research Proposal in English: Tips, Tricks and Strategies 1. Make Your First Few Sentences Impactful Just like with all the other writing types, the first few sentences or even words are what will define the success of your proposal. Reviewers have to deal with dozens of such papers every day, so don’t think they are going to carefully study your proposal before passing a judgment. Try to get down to business and grab their attention as soon as possible. Don’t spend words leading up to your topic – show that your research is innovative and valuable in the very beginning. Try to put your enthusiasm onto paper. 2. Pay Attention to Your Language The success of a research proposal (especially in the English studies) is very sensitive to the language you use. It should be written in Standard English, be formal yet concise and devoid of unnecessary embellishments. Make sure you keep your text free of jargon, colloquialisms and contractions. 3. Focus on the Usefulness and Value of Your Research You shouldn’t offer to do a research project simply because you personally are interested in its topic. Instead, you should focus on showing how it is going to be of use for the other researchers in the field, how it will advance the research on this author, literature or idea. For example, if your research deals with lesser-known works by Mark Twain, you can point out that their all-round study is necessary for the comprehensive analysis of the writer’s creative work and will be useful for those studying other literature of the period. 4. Point out the Multidisciplinary Aspects of Your Work Research on English studies has a good chance of connecting to other humanities: Psychology, Sociology, History and so on. By emphasizing the aspects of your work that can be valuable for those studying other disciplines you are likely to attract more positive attention than if you stick only to literature. After the Writing Is Done: What Else Can You Do with Your Research Proposal 1. Check Your Style You should pay attention to your style as you write, but we often slide to bad practices without noticing it, so now is the time to reread the text and ask yourself: Are there any long or run-on sentences? The main goal of a research proposal is to be clear and easily understandable, and breaking up long complex sentences into shorter and simpler ones can be very helpful; Are my paragraphs too long? Again, a wall of text is hard to read; Is my text too wordy or ambiguous? Eliminate superfluous words and check your sentences for exactness; Have you cited all your sources? Did you do it in a proper citation style? 2. Do a Thorough Editing and Proofreading A research proposal is relatively small, and you can carefully check and recheck it for grammar, syntax and typographic errors multiple times without spending too much time on it. It may seem like a hassle, but even a single mistake or typo will make an exceedingly bad impression – they show that you couldn’t have been bothered to reread your text but expect it to be treated seriously by others. You may use a service like Grammarly to weed out the most obvious blunders, but ideally you should hire a professional proofreader or at least ask a trusted friend to check it for mistakes. 3. Ask Your Peers and Adviser for Feedback You only see your research proposal from one viewpoint; and taking into account how important a job it is, you should get additional insights. Ask if, in their opinion, your proposal is persuasive and if you properly cover your research question. They will most likely point out a few things you can improve or change. 4. Keep in Mind That Your Research Is not Set in Stone Remember that your research proposal doesn’t obligate you to do exactly what you’ve written in it. It is a proposal, after all – you describe what you intend to research, and there is no guarantee that your research will go along the way you’ve envisioned for it or will bring the results you’ve expected. Writing a research proposal in English studies can be a grueling task – but using this guide, you will be able to both find a suitable topic and present it for the review in the best possible light.

Business Management ( Organizational Behavior ) Essay

Business Management ( Organizational Behavior ) - Essay Example I would show this trait to my boss by making myself indispensable in every difficult situation and by saying â€Å"It’s difficult but it will be taken care of† rather than â€Å"no it is impossible†. Vision: It is necessary that the leader should have the exposure, industry insight and knowledge of what other industry members are doing in similar situations in other parts of the world. This is required in order to be successful and keep the edge as compared to the competitors. For this purpose, I would visit all industry events including seminars, conferences, and exhibitions all over the world in order to keep myself updated and to be able to bring the new technology being practiced successfully in other countries to my organization. Role Model: In a leadership position, one should understand, that you should have personality traits including personal values, ethics and morals and a code of conduct that the other people in the organization and the publics outside the organization including vendors, shareholders, society and government officials not only find acceptable but also such that are desired in a person on the top. In other words, it’s not only your talent and work that matters but also your moral values and ethics that will win you a place at the top by inspiring others. To show this trait, I will strictly keep my religious views to myself, but understand the beliefs of everyone else and will avoid displaying controversial behavior in public including alcoholism, public demonstration of affection and irresponsibility especially in the office and at public areas. Networking: for any organization to be successful, it is necessary that the people leading it should have the necessary contacts and presence in the social and industry circles. To demonstrate this, I will have membership and an important role in industry or trade associations, network with the relevant Government

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 220

Assignment Example In particular, the responsibilities and roles of Congress and the Executive Branch in matters relating to defense acquisition, have been an eye opener (Kramer, 2012). In addition, I have come to appreciate the role played by Congress in matters of defense and particularly its role in determining whether the U.S goes to war and if it does, the amount to be set aside for defense in the budget. I have been able to have a deeper comprehension of the Budget and its influence on not only the military, but also on other sectors of the economy which has made me realize the importance of the Presidency. Since the President sets the agenda for the country, I have come to realize that big differences in the military can be altered by an individual winning the presidency. The influence of the presidency cannot be understated and this has made me have a deeper appreciation for national politics, since they have a great impact on policy. A lot of times, people overuse the term life-changing experience, but I am certainly not one of those people. The work and discussions held in class have indeed made me a better student and a far more informed individual. For instance, I now comprehend that masculinity and machismo in the military is not how wars are won, but through logistical planning and management which is aided by technology. According to Barrington et al., the role of technology in the military cannot be ignored any longer. The use of drones and other computerized airstrikes are what sets the U.S from all the other countries in the world. Our military supremacy is primarily due to our strong economy and our superior logistics warfare management. As indicated, the role of the U.S economy is fundamental to the success of the military. A closer analysis of this role has been informative and particularly the relationship between the impacts of the U.S economy on